Factors influencing the efficacy of initial adrenocorticotropic hormone therapy for infantile epileptic spasms syndrome / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To study the factors influencing the short-term (28 days) efficacy of initial adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) therapy for infantile epileptic spasms syndrome (IESS), as well as the factors influencing recurrence and prognosis.@*METHODS@#The clinical data were collected from the children with IESS who received ACTH therapy for the first time in the Department of Pediatric Neurology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, from April 2008 to January 2018 and were followed up for ≥2 years. The multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the factors influencing the short-term efficacy of ACTH therapy, recurrence, and long-term prognosis.@*RESULTS@#ACTH therapy achieved a control rate of seizures of 55.5% (111/200) on day 28 of treatment. Of the 111 children, 75 (67.6%) had no recurrence of seizures within 12 months of follow-up. The possibility of seizure control on day 28 of ACTH therapy in the children without focal seizures was 2.463 times that in those with focal seizures (P<0.05). The possibility of seizure control on day 28 of ACTH therapy in the children without hypsarrhythmia on electroencephalography on day 14 of ACTH therapy was 2.415 times that in those with hypsarrhythmia (P<0.05). The possibility of recurrence within 12 months after treatment was increased by 11.8% for every 1-month increase in the course of the disease (P<0.05). The possibility of moderate or severe developmental retardation or death in the children without seizure control after 28 days of ACTH therapy was 8.314 times that in those with seizure control (P<0.05). The possibility of moderate or severe developmental retardation or death in the children with structural etiology was 14.448 times that in those with unknown etiology (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Presence or absence of focal seizures and whether hypsarrhythmia disappears after 14 days of treatment can be used as predictors for the short-term efficacy of ACTH therapy, while the course of disease before treatment can be used as the predictor for recurrence after seizure control by ACTH therapy. The prognosis of IESS children is associated with etiology, and early control of seizures after ACTH therapy can improve long-term prognosis.

Identification and verification of α-11 giardin-interacting protein / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To identify and verify the interacting protein of α-11 giardin, so as provide the experimental evidence for studies on the α-11 giardin function. Methods The yeast two-hybrid cDNA library of the Giardia lambia C2 strain and the bait plasmid of α-11 giardin were constructed. All proteins interacting with α-11 giardin were screened using the yeast two-hybrid system. α-11 giardin and all screened potential interacting protein genes were constructed into pBiFc-Vc-155 and pBiFc-Vn-173 plasmids, and co-transfected into the breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231. The interactions between α-11 giardin and interacting proteins were verified using bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC). Results The yeast two-hybrid G. lambia cDNA library which was quantified at 2.715 × 107 colony-forming units (CFU) and the bait plasmid containing α-11 giardin gene without an autoactivation activity were constructed. Following two-round positive screening with the yeast two-hybrid system, two potential proteins interacting with α-11 giardin were screened, including eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A (EIF5A), calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CAMKL) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-specific glutamate dehydrogenase (NADP-GDH), hypothetical protein 1 (GL50803_95880), hypothetical protein 2 (GL50803_87261) and a protein from Giardia canis virus. The α-11 giardin and EIF5A genes were transfected into the pBiFc-Vc-155 and pBiFc-Vn-173 plasmids using BiFC, and the recombinant plasmids pBiFc-Vc-155-α-11 and pBiFc-Vn-173-EIF5A were co-tranfected into MDA-MB-231 cells, which displayed green fluorescence under a microscope, indicating the interaction between α-11 giardin and EIF5A protein in cells. Conclusion The yeast two-hybrid cDNA library of the G. lambia C2 strain has been successfully constructed, and six potential protein interacting with α-11 giardin have been identified, including EIF5A that interacts with α-11 giardin in cells.

Influence of family support on the physical activities and motor skills of children and adolescents / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To explore the relationship between family background and parental support and adolescents physical activity and motor skills, and to provide a corresponding theoretical basis for the health promotion of children and adolescents in China.@*Methods@#From November to December 2019, 140 junior high school students aged 12-14 years in a junior high school in Shanxi Province were selected, and physical activity was recorded for 7 days using an ActiGraph GT3X+ accelerometer. The Activity Support Scale for Children (ACTS CN) was used to evaluate parents support and attitude towards children s activities and behaviors. The Canadian Agility and Movement Skill Assessment (CAMSA) was used to evaluate the motor ability development of adolescents.@*Results@#The daily participation time in moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) was (40.57±13.54) and (31.65± 9.98 ) min for males and females, respectively, with a statistically significant difference ( t =4.44, P <0.05); The average motor skill scores were (10.8±1.9) and (10.1±1.9), and completion times were (17.7±2.8) and (19.1±2.5)s, respectively; regression analyses showed that mothers education, monthly household income, mothers attention to children s exercise and fathers support for club participation were all significantly associated with adolescents MVPA ( B =-0.28,-0.16,-0.16, 0.18, P <0.05). Parental provision of exercise space was significantly associated with motor ability ( r =0.17, 0.17, P <0.05).@*Conclusion@#Parents with higher levels of education have a more positive influence on their children s physical activity participation. Parental presence can contribute to a certain extent to the level of physical activity of adolescents, and a supportive environment provided from parents can positively influence the level of motor skills of adolescents.

A review of lignans from genus Kadsura and their spectrum characteristics / 中草药·英文版

Kadsura belongs to the Schisandroideae subfamily of Magnoliaceae. Plants from genus Kadsura are widely distributed in the South and Southwest of China. The plants of the genus are widely used as folk medicine for a long time in history, with the functions of relieving pain, promoting ‘qi’ circulation, activating blood resolve stasis, and applications in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and gastroenteric disorders. Lignans are the primary characteristic constituents with various biological activities of plants from genus Kadsura. This paper summarized 81 lignans isolated from the plants of genus Kadsura over the past eight years (from 2014 to 2021), which belong to five types: dibenzocyclooctadienes, spirobenzofuranoid dibenzocyclooctadienes, aryltetralins, diarylbutanes and tetrahydrofurans. Each type of these lignans possess typical characteristics in proton magnetic resonance (

Recurrence factors for myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody disease in children and the effect of recurrence prevention regimens / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To study the clinical features and recurrence factors of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody disease in children and the effect of recurrence prevention regimens.@*METHODS@#A retrospective analysis was performed on the medical data of 41 children with MOG antibody disease who were hospitalized in the Department of Pediatric Neurology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, from December 2014 to September 2020. According to the presence or absence of recurrence, they were divided into a monophasic course group (@*RESULTS@#For these 41 children, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis was the most common initial manifestation and was observed in 23 children (56%). Of the 41 children, 22 (54%) experienced recurrence, with 57 recurrence events in total, among which optic neuritis was the most common event (17/57, 30%). The proportion of children in the recurrence group who were treated with corticosteroids for less than 3 months in the acute phase was higher than that in the monophasic course group (64% @*CONCLUSIONS@#More than half of the children with MOG antibody disease may experience recurrence. Most children with recurrence are treated with corticosteroids for less than 3 months in the acute phase. Rituximab and azathioprine may reduce the risk of recurrence.

Study on secondary metabolites from sponge-symbiotic Streptomyces sp. LHW2432 / 药学实践杂志

Objective To discover the medicinal active molecules from the fermentation extract of sponge-symbiotic Streptomyces sp. LHW2432. Methods Compounds were isolated and purified from the fermentation extract of LHW2432 by silica gel, ODS chromatographic columns, and HPLC. The structures of the compounds were elucidated based on the analyses of modern spectrum technologies and the related literatures research. Through plate coating method and broth microdilution method, the antimicrobial activities were tested by the indicator strains of Bacillus mycoides, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Mycobacterium smegmatis, Candida Albicans, and Escherichia coli. Results Five compounds were discovered and their structures were identified as descycloavandulyl-lavanduquinocin (1), N-acetyltyramine (2), phomapyrone C (3), germicidin A (4), and germicidin I (5). Compound 1 showed inhibitory activities against MRSA (MIC, 100 μg/ml) and M. smegmatis (MIC, 64 μg/ml), respectively. Conclusion Five compounds were discovered from LHW2432, among which compound 1 was a new natural product and could be used as a precursor of the tricyclic carbazole alkaloids with neuroprotective activity. Moreover, compound 1 showed weak inhibitory activities against gram-positive pathogenic bacteria.

Distribution characteristics of hepatitis C virus genotypes in Guizhou, China / 临床肝胆病杂志

ObjectiveTo investigate the distribution characteristics of hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotypes in patients with hepatitis C in Guizhou, China, and to provide a basis for the prevention and individualized treatment of HCV infection. MethodsA total of 1211 HCV RNA-positive patients with hepatitis C who were treated in Guiyang Public Health Clinical Center from September 2011 to October 2018 were enrolled. PCR direct sequencing was performed to obtain HCV sequences, which were then compared with the known HCV sequences in GenBank to obtain HCV genotypes and subgenotypes. The association of genotype distribution with sex, age, ethnic group, region, and route of infection was analyzed. The chi-square test or the Fisher’s exact test was used for comparison of categorical data between two groups. ResultsA total of 4 genotypes and 11 subgenotypes were detected among the 1211 individuals with HCV infection, with the main genotypes of 1b (26.84%), 3b (27.17%), and 6a (24.28%). There was a significant difference in the distribution of HCV genotypes between the male and female individuals (χ2=15.428, P=0.009); 29.34% of the male individuals had genotype 3b, and 32.21% of the female individuals had genotype 1b. There was a significant difference in the distribution of HCV genotypes between different age groups (χ2=67.439, P＜0.001); genotype 1b was the main genotype in the individuals aged ≤18 years (66.67%) or ≥60 years (58.93%), genotypes 3b and 6 were the main genotypes in the individuals aged 19-39 years (28.93% and 29.29%, respectively), and genotypes 1b, 3b, and 6 were the main genotypes in the individuals aged 40-59 years (29.54%, 27.33%, and 24.28%, respectively). There was a significant difference in the distribution of HCV genotypes between the individuals with different routes of infection (χ2=153.916, P＜0001); the most common route of infection was intravenous drug addiction (57.97%), followed by sexual contact (8.42%) and invasive cosmetic surgery (8.42%); genotype 3b was the main genotype in the individuals with intravenous drug addiction (31.48%) or invasive cosmetic surgery (32.35%), and genotype 6 was the main genotype in the individuals with sexual contact (36.27%). There was no significant difference in the distribution of HCV genotypes between the individuals in different ethnic groups or from different regions of Guizhou (both P＞0.05). ConclusionThe distribution of HCV genotypes is diverse in Guizhou, and HCV strains with genotypes 3b, 1b, and 6a are the main epidemic strains. Several rare subgenotypes of HCV genotype 6 are observed. There is a significant difference in the distribution of HCV genotypes between the individuals with different ages, sexes, or routes of infection.

Mutations in aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase genes: an analysis of 10 cases / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To study the clinical features of the diseases associated with aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (ARS) deficiency.@*METHODS@#A retrospective analysis was performed of the clinical and gene mutation data of 10 children who were diagnosed with ARS gene mutations, based on next-generation sequencing from January 2016 to October 2019.@*RESULTS@#The age of onset ranged from 0 to 9 years among the 10 children. Convulsion was the most common initial symptom (7 children). Clinical manifestations included ataxia and normal or mildly retarded intellectual development (with or without epilepsy; n=4) and onset of epilepsy in childhood with developmental regression later (n=2). Some children experienced disease onset in the neonatal period and had severe epileptic encephalopathy, with myoclonus, generalized tonic-clonic seizure, and convulsive seizure (n=4); 3 had severe delayed development, 2 had feeding difficulty, and 1 had hearing impairment. Mutations were found in five genes: 3 had novel mutations in the AARS2 gene (c.331G>C, c.2682+5G>A, c.2164C>T, and c.761G>A), 2 had known mutations in the DARS2 gene (c.228-16C>A and c.536G>A), 1 had novel mutations in the CARS2 gene (c.1036C>T and c.323T>G), 1 had novel mutations in the RARS2 gene (c.1210A>G and c.622C>T), and 3 had novel mutations in the AARS gene (c.1901T>A, c.229C>T, c.244C>T, c.961G>C, c.2248C>T, and Chr16:70298860-70316687del).@*CONCLUSIONS@#A high heterogeneity is observed in the clinical phenotypes of the diseases associated with the ARS deficiency. A total of 14 novel mutations in 5 genes are reported in this study, which enriches the clinical phenotypes and genotypes of the diseases associated with ARS deficiency.

Diagnosis of intellectual disability/global developmental delay via genetic analysis in a central region of China / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

Background@#Advanced technology has become a valuable tool in etiological studies of intellectual disability/global developmental delay (ID/GDD). The present study investigated the role of genetic analysis to confirm the etiology in ID/GDD patients where the cause of the disease was uncertain in central China.@*Methods@#We evaluated 1051 ID/GDD children aged 6 months to 18 years from March 2009 to April 2017. Data concerning basic clinical manifestations were collected, and the method of etiology confirmation was recorded. Genome-wide copy number variations (CNVs) detection and high-throughput sequencing of exons in the targeted regions was performed to identify genetically-based etiologies. We compared the incidence of different methods used to confirm ID/GDD etiology among groups with differing degrees of ID/GDD using the Chi-square or Fisher exact probability test.@*Results@#We recruited 1051 children with mild (367, 34.9%), moderate (301, 28.6%), severe (310, 29.5%), and profoundly severe (73, 6.9%) ID/GDD. The main causes of ID/GDD in the children assessed were perinatal factors, such as acquired brain injury, as well as single gene imbalance and chromosomal gene mutation. We identified karyotype and/or CNVs variation in 46/96 (47.9%) of cases in severe ID/GDD patients, which was significantly higher than those with mild and moderate ID/GDD of 34/96 (35.4%) and 15/96 (15.6%), respectively. A total of 331/536 (61.8%) patients with clear etiology have undergone genetic analysis while 262/515 (50.9%) patients with unclear etiology have undergone genetic analysis (χ2 = 12.645, P < 0.001). Gene structure variation via karyotype analysis and CNV detection increased the proportion of children with confirmed etiology from 51.0% to 56.3%, and second-generation high-throughput sequencing dramatically increased this to 78.9%. Ten novel mutations were detected, recessive mutations in X-linked genes (ATPase copper transporting alpha and bromodomain and WD repeat domain containing 3) and dominant de novo heterozygous mutations in X-linked genes (cyclin-dependent kinase like 5, protocadherin 19, IQ motif and Sec7 domain 2, and methyl-CpG binding protein 2) were reported in the study.@*Conclusions@#The present study indicates that genetic analysis is an effective method to increase the proportion of confirmed etiology in ID/GDD children and is highly recommended, especially in ID/GDD children with uncertain etiology.

Systematic review of the effect of early feeding after cesarean section on gastrointestinal function recovery / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To investigate the correlation between early postoperative diet and gastrointestinal function recovery after cesarean section. Methods A computerized search was performed through The Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CBM, CNKI, Wanfang and VIP database for randomized controlled trails (RCTs) which studied the effects of early feeding after cesarean section on gastrointestinal function recovery. The analysis was performed after searching databases, assessing quality of included studies and extracting data using RevMan5.3. Results Totally 8 RCTs involving 1474 patients were included. It showed that early eating could shorten the recovery time of bowel sounds, the time of passage of flatus, the time of first defecation (P < 0.05), but there was no significant difference in the incidence of nausea and vomiting and abdominal distention (P > 0.05). Conclusion Early eating after cesarean section can shorten the recovery time of gastrointestinal function, but it does not show advantages in improving the incidence of nausea and vomiting and abdominal distention. It is necessary to carry out in-depth study to verify.

Diagnosis of intellectual disability/global developmental delay via genetic analysis in a central region of China / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

BACKGROUND@#Advanced technology has become a valuable tool in etiological studies of intellectual disability/global developmental delay (ID/GDD). The present study investigated the role of genetic analysis to confirm the etiology in ID/GDD patients where the cause of the disease was uncertain in central China.@*METHODS@#We evaluated 1051 ID/GDD children aged 6 months to 18 years from March 2009 to April 2017. Data concerning basic clinical manifestations were collected, and the method of etiology confirmation was recorded. Genome-wide copy number variations (CNVs) detection and high-throughput sequencing of exons in the targeted regions was performed to identify genetically-based etiologies. We compared the incidence of different methods used to confirm ID/GDD etiology among groups with differing degrees of ID/GDD using the Chi-square or Fisher exact probability test.@*RESULTS@#We recruited 1051 children with mild (367, 34.9%), moderate (301, 28.6%), severe (310, 29.5%), and profoundly severe (73, 6.9%) ID/GDD. The main causes of ID/GDD in the children assessed were perinatal factors, such as acquired brain injury, as well as single gene imbalance and chromosomal gene mutation. We identified karyotype and/or CNVs variation in 46/96 (47.9%) of cases in severe ID/GDD patients, which was significantly higher than those with mild and moderate ID/GDD of 34/96 (35.4%) and 15/96 (15.6%), respectively. A total of 331/536 (61.8%) patients with clear etiology have undergone genetic analysis while 262/515 (50.9%) patients with unclear etiology have undergone genetic analysis (χ = 12.645, P < 0.001). Gene structure variation via karyotype analysis and CNV detection increased the proportion of children with confirmed etiology from 51.0% to 56.3%, and second-generation high-throughput sequencing dramatically increased this to 78.9%. Ten novel mutations were detected, recessive mutations in X-linked genes (ATPase copper transporting alpha and bromodomain and WD repeat domain containing 3) and dominant de novo heterozygous mutations in X-linked genes (cyclin-dependent kinase like 5, protocadherin 19, IQ motif and Sec7 domain 2, and methyl-CpG binding protein 2) were reported in the study.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The present study indicates that genetic analysis is an effective method to increase the proportion of confirmed etiology in ID/GDD children and is highly recommended, especially in ID/GDD children with uncertain etiology.

Effect of combining uterine artery chemoembolization with curettage in treatment of caesarean scar pregnancy and influence factors / 实用放射学杂志

Objective To evaluate the effect of combination of uterine artery chemoembolization and curettage in treatment of caesarean scar pregnancy(CSP),and to analyze the possible influence factors.Methods 46 cases with caesarean scar pregnancy treated by the combination of uterine artery chemoembolization and curettage were retrospectively analyzed.Univariate analysis was made on the factors that might influence the efficacy,and the Logistic regression model was constructed for the significant variables.Results All of the patients were terminated pregnancy succesfully .According to the ultrasound recheck,there were no residual gestational sac tissue in 29 patients,and some residual gestational sac tissue in 17 patients.After the application of traditional Chinese medicine or methotrexate and other symptomatic treatment, the pregnancy was terminated.The univariate analysis showed that the number of cesarean section,the gestational sac volume,the gestational weeks,the type of CSP,and the condition of the fetal heart pulsation were related to the presence of residues in the uterus after treatment (P＜0.05).The multivariate analysis showed that gestational sac volume ＞9 cm3 ,gestational weeks ＞ 7 weeks and exogenous CSP were the independent factors leading to intrauterine residual gestational sac tissue.Conclusion Uterine artery chemoembolization combined with curettage is an effective method for treatment of caesarean scar pregnancy.It is proposed that clinical treatment should pay close attention to the factors that may affect the efficacy.

Drug nanoclusters formed in confined nano-cages of CD-MOF: dramatic enhancement of solubility and bioavailability of azilsartan

Tremendous efforts have been devoted to the enhancement of drug solubility using nanotechnologies, but few of them are capable to produce drug particles with sizes less than a few nanometers. This challenge has been addressed here by using biocompatible versatile -cyclodextrin (-CD) metal-organic framework (CD-MOF) large molecular cages in which azilsartan (AZL) was successfully confined producing clusters in the nanometer range. This strategy allowed to improve the bioavailability of AZL in Sprague-Dawley rats by 9.7-fold after loading into CD-MOF. The apparent solubility of AZL/CD-MOF was enhanced by 340-fold when compared to the pure drug. Based on molecular modeling, a dual molecular mechanism of nanoclusterization and complexation of AZL inside the CD-MOF cages was proposed, which was confirmed by small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and synchrotron radiation-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (SR-FTIR) techniques. In a typical cage-like unit of CD-MOF, three molecules of AZL were included by the -CD pairs, whilst other three AZL molecules formed a nanocluster inside the 1.7 nm sized cavity surrounded by six -CDs. This research demonstrates a dual molecular mechanism of complexation and nanoclusterization in CD-MOF leading to significant improvement in the bioavailability of insoluble drugs.

Observation of central macular retinal microvascular network morphology of retinopathy of prematurity by optical coherence tomography angiography / 眼科新进展

Objective To analyze the characteristics of central macular retinal microvascular network morphology of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) with optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA).Methods The 7-15 years old ROP children with laser treatment history(ROP group,25 eyes of 14 patients) and full-term children(control group,40 eyes of 20 patients) were collected by cross-sectional study.The subjects in the two groups were examined by RTVue XR Avanti-OCTA,and several parameters including the detection of the best corrected visual acuity (BCVA),central foveal thickness (CFT),foveal avascular zone (FAZ),macular superficial retinal capillary plexus (SCP) density were recorded and analyzed statistically with t test in the two groups.Results The area of FAZ in ROP group was (0.04 ± 0.05) mm2,which was significantly less than that in control group [(0.29 ± 0.08) mm2] (P ＜ 0.001).The SCP density of ROP group was 42.70％ ± 5.90％,which was significantly higher than that in the control group (35.90％ ± 6.30％) (P ＜ 0.001).The CFT in ROP group was (328.50 ± 34.90) μm,which was significantly higher than that in the control group [(236.80 ± 23.40)μm] (P ＜ 0.001).The BCVA was 0.83 ± 0.14 in ROP group and 0.85 ±0.26 in the control group,respectively,without significant difference (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion ROP children have smaller or undefined FAZ,the thickened CFT and the increased SCP density,and the BCVA is not affected by the FAZ area and CFT in this study.

Determination of particle size and particle size distribution of selected component in mixed powders by its melting characteristics / 药学学报

The particle diameters of active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) and excipients are important factors to the quality of preparations and have great significances in the reverse engineering to brand products and the consistent evaluation of generic drugs. In this study, a novel method was established for particle size determination to identify the selected component and eliminate other interferential particles by comparing the microscopic images before and after fusion caused by controllable heating. Stearic acid (SA) particles in irregular and spherical shape were selected as a typical excipient to demonstrate the methodology, which were identified from the mixed particles based upon its melting characteristics to detect their particle sizes as well as the size distributions. In the same approach, the morphology and particle size of fenofibrate particles as API in tablets were analyzed. The results illustrated that the particle diameters and particle size distributions of the selected components in the mixture of particles can be detected via the hot-melting characteristics under the prerequisite of proper pretreatment to separate selected components from other particles in microscopic field. In conclusion, this research provides a practical approach for the reverse engineering purpose to brand products and the consistent evaluation of generic drugs.

Drug resistance spectrum and virulence gene distribution in Enterococcus isolates of animal origin / 中国人兽共患病学报

One hundred and twenty enterococcal isolates,which were identified from animal specimen,were investigated for the drug-resistance and virulence gene status of Enterococci,so as to provide reference for clinical therapy as well as exploration of Enterococcus pathogenicity.For the 120 Enterococcus isolates,six virulence genes cylA,efaA,Gele,esp,ace and AS were detected with PCR method,and drug-resistance of 11 commonly used antibiotics were measured by K-B disk diffusion tests.The results showed that all of the 120 isolates presented resistance to at least 3 kinds of drugs,and multi-resistance occurred among different originated strains,especially prominent among those isolates from dead swine organs.Generally,the isolates performed highest resistance ratio against lincomycin (115/120),and more than 50 percent isolates were resisted to ciprofloxacin,kanamycin,tetracycline and dalfopristin,while the isolates were least resistant to teicoplanin (1/120).The incidence of cylA,efaA,GelE,esp,ace and AS virulence genes,as a whole,was 39.17％,56.67％,68.33％,23.33％,26.67％ and 13.33％,respectively,but it varied markedly among those of different sources,which showed consistent trend with that drug resistance.It is concluded that the drug-resistance incidence among the test enterococcal isolates showed correlation with that of virulence gene status,and both were closely related to the bacteria origin,therefore,the conventional opportunistic Enterococcus is of value for further exploring these profound relations.

Expression of low-density lipoprotein receptor after exposure to hepato-cyte growth factor in human Tenon' s capsule fibroblasts / 中国病理生理杂志

AIM:To study the dynamic alteration of low-density lipoprotein receptor ( LDLr) expression after exposure to hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) in human Tenon's capsule fibroblasts (HTFs).METHODS: HTFs were stimulated with HGF at different concentrations (0, 10, 20, 40, 80 and 160μg/L) for 12, 24, and 48 h.The viability of HTFs was analyzed by MTT assay .The expression of LDLr at mRNA and protein levels were analyzed by real-time PCR and Western blot .RESULTS:The expression of LDLr at mRNA and protein levels was positively correlated with the viability of HTFs.HGF promoted the viability of HTFs in a time-and concentration-dependent manner .At the same time , HGF pro-moted the expression of LDLr in the same manner .CONCLUSION:Exposure of HTFs to HGF induces LDLr expression at high level , suggesting that over-expression of LDLr on the HTFs may be a target receptor for controlled drug delivery , par-ticularly in anti-scarring therapy after glaucoma filtration surgery .

Treatment of resectable pancreatic head cancer / 国际外科学杂志

Pancreatic cancer is the highest degree of malignancy in the digestive system tumors,longterm prognosis is poor.Pancreatic head cancer has the highest proportion of pancreatic cancer,so its treatment is the focus of the treatment of pancreatic cancer.Radical pancreaticoduodenectomy is the hope of patients with pancreatic head cancer to be cured,but also is the most important treatment for patients with long-term survival.Choosing the appropriate surgical methods and techniques can improve the rate of radical resection of the tumor and reduce the postoperative complications.Combined with timely and appropriate adjuvant therapy,it may improve the quality of life and prolong the survival of resected pancreatic head cancer patients.

Effects of simvastatin on bone loss in vertebrae and intervertebral disc degeneration in ovariectomized rats / 医学研究生学报

Objective Simvastatin, as a widely used lipid-lowering drug, exhibits a potential effect of promoting bone forma-tion. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of oral simvastatin on lumbar vertebral bone mass and intervertebral disc ( IVD) degeneration in ovariectomized ( OVX ) rats. Methods Thirty female Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to dual OVX ( n=20) or sham surgery ( n=10) and the OVX rats were treated orally with either saline vehicle (OVX+V, n=10) or simvastatin (OVX+SIM, n=10 ) at 5 mg per kg of the body weight per day. After 6 months of intervention, the microstructure of the L3 vertebra was ob-served by micro-CT, the bone mineral density ( BMD) in the L5-6 ver-tebrae determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and histo-logical changes of the L5-6 vertebrae analyzed by van Gieson stainingand semi-quantitative evaluation. Results Compared with the sham-operation group, both the OVX+V and OVX+SIM groups showed significantly decreased BMD in L5([0.2933±0.0110] vs [0.2423±0.0081] and [0.2598±0.0249] g/cm2, P<0.05), L6 ([0.2907±0.0150] vs [0.2395±0.0061] and [0.2572±0.0121] g/cm2, P<0.05), and L5-6([0.2860±0.0115] vs [0.2380± 0.0059] and [0.2528±0.0126] g/cm2, P<0.05), but all the 3 parameters were remarkably higher in the OVX+SIM than in the OVX+V group (P<0.05). Micro-CT analysis manifested significantly lower BV/TV and Tb.N but higher Tb.Sp in the OVX+V than in the sham operation group ( P<0.05) . Abundant notochordal cells and extracellular matrix in the nucleus pulposus with well-arranged outer annulus fibrosus were observed in the rats of the sham operation group. The animals of the OVX+V and OVX+SIM groups displayed de-generation of the nucleus pulposus, annulus fibrosus, reduced notochordal cells and their replacement by chondrocyte-like cells in the nucleus pulposus, mucoid degeneration in the matrix, and disruption of the nuclear-annular border in the annulus fibrosus. The disc de-generation scores were significantly higher in the OVX+V and OVX+SIM than in the sham operation group (4.35±0.9 and 3.53±0.42 vs 2.48±0.92, P<0.05). Conclusion OVX induces not only bone loss in vertebrae but also IVD degeneration in rats, while simvasta-tin can partly prevent bone loss in lumbar vertebrae without aggravating IVD degeneration in OVX rats.

Morphology of the intervertebral disc in high fat combined with streptozotocin-induced type Ⅱ diabetic rats / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:Rat models of diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM) are usually induced by the combination of high-fat diet and low-dose streptozotocin, but their effects on the intervertebral disc have not yet been reported. Endplate sclerosis is an important factor contributing to intervertebral disc degeneration. OBJECTIVE:To evaluate whether the rat T2DM model induced by high-fat diet combined with low-dose streptozotocin is suitable for the study of T2DM related intervertebral disc degeneration. METHODS:Thirty-two 3-month-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups (n=8 per group), including sham, bilateral variectomy, DM, and bilateral variectomy plus DM groups, followed by subjected to bilateral ovariectomy and/or high-fat diet combined with low-dose streptozotocin, respectively. The blood glucose level, body mass and glucose tolerance were determined. The bone mineral density of the lumbar spine was measured after 8-week streptozotocin treatment. The L5-6 segments were removed and cut through midst sagittal plane after decalcification, and then underwent Von Gieson staining and histological degeneration scoring, and the disc height and endplate thickness were measured. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Fasting blood glucose and random blood glucose levels in the DM and bilateral variectomy plus DM groups were significantly higher than those in the other two groups, and the insulin sensitivity in the DM and bilateral variectomy plus DM groups were significantly lower than that in the other groups (P<0.05). L4-6 vertebral bone mineral density in the bilateral variectomy group was significantly lower than that in the sham group (P<0.05);L5-6 vertebral bone mineral density in the DM and bilateral variectomy plus DM groups was significantly lower than that in the sham group (P<0.05). L5-6 vertebral histological scores in the DM and bilateral variectomy plus DM groups were significantly higher than those in the other groups (P<0.05). Similar with the bilateral variectomy group, there were chondrometaplasia and mucoid degeneration of nucleus pulposus cells in the bilateral variectomy plus DM group, and the histological scores were significantly higher than those in the sham and DM groups (P<0.05). Compared with the sham group, the intervertebral disc height in the bilateral variectomy and bilateral variectomy plus DM groups was significantly decreased (P<0.05). While, there was no significant difference in the endplate thickness among groups. These results indicate the combination of high-fat diet and low-dose streptozotocin-induced rat T2DM models possess diabetic characteristics, but the rat intervertebral disc tissues show no significant differences from the normal ones;therefore, this model may be unsuitable for the study on T2DM-related intervertebral disc degeneration.